Unit-multiple system of electric railways.



No. 670,896. 1 Patented Mar. 26, 190i. F. C. ESMOND. UNIT MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC RAILWAYS.

(Application filed Aug. 2, 1895.

(lo Model.)

5 m 9% m ma m w m 7 H Y W w d 7 Hc-mLm-m, WASHINGTON u L UNTTan STATES PATENT Orricn.

FREDERICK C. ESMOND, OF BROOKLYN, NEY YORK, ASSIGYOR TO THE ESMOND ELECTRIC TRACTION AND SIGNAL COMPANY, OF \VEST VIR- GINIA.

UNIT-MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF ELEGTRlC RAILWAYS.

SPEUIFIQATION forming part of Letters latent N 0. 670,896, dated March 26, 1901.

Application filed August 2, 1898. Serial No. 687,507. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK O. EsMoND, a citizen of the United States, residing at the cityof Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Unit-Multiple Systems of Electrical Train Control, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a unit-multiple system for electric railways-that is, a system in which the whole train may be controlled from any car.

I will describe a system embodying my invention and then point out the novel features in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is adiagrammatic view showing a way of wiring a car for eifecting this system and the position of the reversing-switch on the controlling-car. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but showing the position of the reversing-switch on a controlled car.

Similar characters of reference refer to corresponding parts in both figures.

A represents the wheels of a car traveling on a suitable track A, which may form part of the ground or return of the system.

A represents a conductor connecting the axles of the Wheels A.

B represents a supply-conductor, and C a trolley or other device for taking up current from said conductor.

D represents a controller carried by the car, the arm D of which is electrically connected by a conductor D with the current-collecting device C.

E F G represent three conductors, which preferably extend through the car, so that when a series of cars are coupled to form a train these conductors can be easily coupled to the corresponding conductors on adjacent cars.

H represents the field of a motor, and 1 represents the armature thereof. The field is preferably arranged in parallel between the conductors F G and the armature in parallel between the conductor E and ground, connection being made between the armature and ground by means of the conductor E. It will be understood that should there be more than one motor on a car the elements of the additional motors are arranged in the same manner and asuitable conductor inserted to con nect them, as is usual. It will also be understood that a second controller may be placed on each car, which is connected with the supply-conductors and conductors E F G, so that it can control the motors independently of the other controller. This arrangement that is, of at least two motors and two con trollers on a carit will be understood, is as usual on cars, especially cars used on streetrailways.

J represents a reversing-switch, which in this instance comprises two arms 1 2, suitably connected and insulated apart. Arm 1 of the switch is connected with conductor G by a conductor J and arm 2 with conductor F bya conductor J This switch is adapted to engage with three contact-points 3, at, and 5, two of which, 3 and 5, are connected with the controller-sections by a conductor J and the other, 4, with conductor E through a 0011- ductor J \Vhen the switch is moved off the points, as in Fig. 2, it is ina neutral or inoperative position. All of the switches on the cars of the train are moved to this position, with the exception of the switch on the controlling-car.

The operation of this system is as follows: Assuming that the car in Fig. 1 is the controlling-car and that allof the remaining cars of the train have their switches in the position shown in Fig. 2, as soon as the controller-arm D is moved over the controllersections current will pass through the controller and conductor to contactpoint 3. It will then pass through arm 1 of the switch J and through conductor J to conductor G. As the conductors G of the several cars are coupled, as are the others, when the train is made up, the current will pass through all the conductors G. From the conductor G the current will pass through the field H to conductor F, to conductor J and then to arm 2 of the switch. As all of the arms 2 of the several switches in all of the cars, with the exception of the controlling-car, are in the position shown in Fig. 2, the current after reaching conductor F can only find an outlet in the controlling-car, so that the return from all of the fields will be through conductor J in the controlling-car to arm 2 of the switch. From arm 2 of the switch it passes through contact-point lto conductor J and from conduc tor J to conductor E, and then to the armatures I of all the motors on the train. From each armature I there is a direct connection to ground through conductors E. \Vhen it is desired to reverse the direction of travel of the train, the switch J is shifted so that contactpoints 4 and 5 will be engaged by the arms of the switch. In this position the current will be brought from the controller into conductor F through arm 2 and conductor J and then through the tields, which, it will be seen, is in opposite direction. The current passes from the fields through to conductor G and then through conductor J to arm 1 of the switch which is on contact-point t. From contact-point a it passes through conductor J to conductor E and to all the armatures. Thus it will be seen that in either direction of travel both elements of each motor will be in series.

K represents a fourth conductor extending, preferably, through the car, so that it can be coupled to the conductor K in adjacent cars when a train is made up. This conductor has a direct connection in each car with the conductor D which supplies current to the car through a conductor K, so that the conductor K can be supplied with current from any car. A switch K is interposed in each conductor. Lights L on each car are supplied from this conductor, the return for each set of lights being on its own car, being accomplished by a conductor L, which grounds through conductor A A resistance L may be provided in each conductor L I do not limit myself to any particular type of controller or to any particular method of wiring the car. By the means employed in this invention a series multiple controller can be used, and possibly other methods of wiring may be employed to obtain the results hereinbefore set forth.

l/Vhile I have described and illustrated my invention in connection with the operation of railway-trains, to Which it is particularly adapted, it will be evident that it is usefully applicable to the operation of any similar set or series of motors or groups of motors which it may be desired to synchronously control from any one of separated points, and I wish it understood that the claims are intended to apply to and cover the system of motor control wherever the motors may be located.

What I claim as my invention is l. A u nit-multiple system of electrical train control comprising conductors extending through a train of cars, motors carried on individual cars of the train having one of the elements of each connected between said cond uctors, and means operable on different individual cars for reversing the flow of current through all of said elements, substantially as described.

2. A unit-multiple system of electrical train control comprising conductors extending through atrain of cars, motors carried on individual cars of the train having one of the elements of each connected between two of said conductors and the other element of each connected between a third conductor and a ground or other return comluctor, and controllers on individual cars of the train each of which is adapted to control the [low of en rrent through all of said motor elements, substantially as described.

3. A unit-multiple system of electrical train control comprising conductors extending through a train of cars, motors carried on individual cars of the train having one of the elements of each connected between two of said conductors and the other element of each connected between a third conductor and a ground or other return conductor and controllers on individual cars of the train each ot which is adapted to control the flow of current through all of said elements and means operable on individual cars for changing the direction of motion of all said motors by reversing the flow of current through one of the elements of each, substantially as described.

4.. A unit-m ulti ple system of electrical train control comprising conductors extending through a train of cars, motors carried on individual cars of the train having one of the elements of each connected between said conductors and means operable on different individual cars for directly reversing the flow of current through all of said elements, substantially as described.

5. A unit-multiple system of electrical train control comprising conductors extending through a train of cars, motors carried on individual cars of the train having one of the elements of each connected between two of said conductors and the other element of each connected between a third conductor and a ground orother return conductor, and controllers on individual cars of the train each of Which is adapted to directly control the flow of current through all of said motor elements, substantially as described.

6. A unit-multiple system of electrical train control comprising conductors extending through a train of cars, motors carried on individual cars of the train having one of the elements of each connected between two of said conductors and the other element of each connected between a third conductor and a ground or other return conductor, controllers on individual cars of the train each of which is adapted to directly control the flow of current through all of said elements, and means operable on individual cars for changing the direction of motion of all said motors by directly reversing the flow of cur rent through one of the elements of each, substantially as described.

IIO

IIS

Lil

erases 1 7. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, the combination of a motor-circuit extending through the train, means for supplying current to said circuit, car-propelling motors carried on individual cars of the train and connected in said circuit, means on individual cars of the train for directly controlling the flow of current through all of said motors from any one of said last-mentioned cars, and a direct connection from each of said controlling devices to said motors, substantially as described.

8. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control the combination of a motor-circuit extending through the train, means for supplying current to said circuit, direct current car-propelling motors carried on individual cars of the train and connected in said circuit, and means arranged to operate through the motor-circuit and independently operable on individual cars of the train for reversing the direction of rotation of all said motors from any one of said last-mentioned cars, substantially as described.

(J. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control the combination of a motor-circuit extending through the train, means for supplying current to said circuit, direct current car-propelling motors carried on individual cars of the train and connected in said circuit, and means arranged to operate through the motor-circuit and independently operable on individual cars of the train for controlling the flow of current through all of said motors and reversing the direction of rotation thereof, substantially as described.

10. In a unit-m ultiple system of electrical train control, the combination of conductors adapted to be connected throughout the train, means for supplying current to said conductors, and motors carried on individual cars of the train and connected to said conductors and so arranged that corresponding elements of the several motors are in parallel with one another and the elements of each individual motor are permanently in series with each other in either direction of travel, substantially as described.

11. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, the combination of conductors adapted to be connected throughout the train, means for supplying current to said conductors, motors carried on individual cars of the train and connected to said conductors and so arranged that corresponding elements of the several motors are in parallel with one another and the elements of each individual motor are permanently in series with each other, in either direction of travel, and motor-controllers carried by individual ears of the train each of which is adapted to control all the motors on the train, substantially as described.

12. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, the combination of conductors adapted to be connected throughout the train, means for supplying currentto said conductors, motors arried on individual cars of the train and connect ed to said conductors and so arranged that correspmiding elements of the several motors are in parallel with one another and the elements oi each individual motor are permanently in series with each otherin either direction of travel, and means independently operable on individual cars of the train for reversing the direction of rotation of all said u'totors from any one of said last-mentioned cars by lcxbi'slilg the direction of currentiu one oi" the elements of each, substantially as described.

In a unit-tnultiple system of electrical train control, the combination of conductors adapted to be connected throughout thetrain, means for supplying current to said conductors, motors carried on individual cars of the train and connected to said conductors and so arranged that correspoinling elements of the several motors are in parallel with one another and the elements of each individual motor are permanently in series with each other in either direction of travel, and means operable on individual cars of the train for controlling all said motors and reversing the direction of rotation thereof from any one of said last-mentioned cars, substantially as de scribed.

14. In a unitunultiple system of electrical train control, the combination of a plurality of conductors extending through the train, motor elements in parallel between said condnctors and a plurality of switches having connections therewir h, said switches and conductors being so arranged that by the movement of any one of said switches the order in which current is delivered to said conductors may be varied, substantially as described.

15. In a unit-multipie system of electrical control fora train of cars, the combination of a multiplicity of motors carried by said train, a multiplicity of conductors extending through said train and having one of the elements of each motor in parallel with the corresponding elements of the other motors between two of the conductors and the other element of each motor in parallel with the corresponding elements of the other motors between a third conductor and a ground or other return conductor, of controllers carried by individual cars of said train through which the current passes from a supply to said conductors, and a switch located between each controller and the said conductors, substantially as described.

16. In a unit-multiple system of electrical control for a train of cars, the combination of conductors extending through said train, a multiplicity of motors carried by said train and having one element of each motor in parallel with the corresponding element of the other motors between two of the conductors and the other element in parallel with the corresponding element of the other motors between a third conductor and a ground or other return conductor, of a controller carried by said train through which the current passes from a supply to said conductors, and a two-arm switch, interposed between said controller and conductors, said switch being adapted to pass the current from the controller through one arm to one of the elements of each motor and to receive the return from said element through its second arm and to pass it to the other element of each motor, substantially as described.

17. In a unit-multiple system of electrical control for a train of cars, the combination of conductors extending through said train, a multiplicity of motors carried by said train and having one element of each motor in parallel with the. corresponding element of the other motors between two of the conductors and the other element in parallel with the corresponding element of the other motors between a third conductor and a ground or other return conductor, of a controller carried by said train through which the current passes from a supply to said conductors, a

two-arm switch interposed between said controller and conductors, electrical connections between the arms of said switch and two of the conductors,and contact-points with which said switch contacts, two of which are in electrical connection with the controller and a third with the third conductor whereby when the switch is in contact with two of the said points the current will pass from the controller through one arm of the switch through one element of each motor and return from that element to the other arm of the switch 

